Section 1 c) Summary

Atoms are made up of a central nucleus, which has a relative positive charge due to its protons. It also contains neutrons. These make up the entire relative mass of the atom.
This is orbited by negatively charged electrons, which are attracted to the positive nucleus. These electrons make up shells, which have capacity: 2,8,8,8,8,8,8.

An atom has equal numbers of protons and electrons, resulting in no overall charge. Electrons can be transferred to other particles, however, or gained from them. This results in the atom gaining a charge and becoming an ion. A negatively charged ion is called a cation and a positively charged ion is called an anion.

When atoms have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons, they are called isotopes.

All chemical elements are organised in the periodic table.

It is organised in order of atomic number. It fits into different groups and periods based off properties and characteristics. The properties and reactivity of an element can be predicted by the surrounding elements in the table.
Periods are the rows, Groups are the columns.
The periods can tell us the number of shells each atom has, while the groups tell us the number of outer shell electrons they have.
The basic electronic capacity of the shells is 2, 8, 8, 8