Atom: The smallest particle of a chemical element that can exist.
Chromatography: The separation of different particles of a solution e.g. pigments in ink, by placing them on paper and allowing a solvent to transport the particles up the paper to different distances through capillary action.
Compound: Two or more chemically bonded elements. They can be ionic or covalent.
Crystallisation: The formation of crystals through evaporation
Diffusion: The net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Dilution: Making a substance weaker (e.g. HCl can be diluted so it is less corrosive, food dye disperses through a liquid and becomes weaker) through the addition of other substances.
Element: A substance found on the periodic table that cannot chemically be split up into simpler substances. Its atoms have equal numbers of electrons and protons, resulting in balanced charge.
Evaporation: The state change of liquid to vapor, used to separate a solid from a liquid solution.
Filtration: Separation using a funnel and filter paper to remove large, insoluble particles.
Fractional distillation: Heating a mixture of liquids into a fractionating column to separate them into fractions which differ in boiling point. The gases then pass through a a tube where they are condensed and collected as a liquid again.
Magnetic separation: Separation of magnetic and non-magnetic substances, used industrially in recycling plants, etc.
Mixture: Two or more compounds or elements that are physically mixed but not chemically bonded, e.g. air or steel.
Molecule: A group of atoms bonded together in the simplest form of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction.
Separation: Techniques of removing different parts of a mixture from each other to obtain substances combined within it.
Sieving: Removing larger insoluble particles from smaller insoluble particles by passing it through a sieve. Different sized holes in sieves can be used for different purposes
Simple distillation: Separating a mixture of liquids through heating, then condensing the vapor and collecting the purer substance Works best with mixtures containing few different chemicals (e.g. separating ethanol and water)
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Section 3 a) Specification
3.1 explain the terms homologous series, hydrocarbon, saturated, unsaturated, general formula and isomerism. A homologous series is a grou...
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The group 7 elements, also known as halogens, are F, fluorine, Cl, chlorine, Br, bromine, I, iodine, and At, astatine. They all have antimic... -
Metals can be placed in an order of most to least reactive, called the reactivity series. This can be remembered using an acronym: Plea... -
Particles of a substance can be present in different physical states, the states of matter. They are solid, liquid and gas, and increasing ...
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